Most of the statistical analysis I do for the women is based on the work of well-known stat-heads such as
Dean Oliver (of
Basketball On Paper fame),
Ken Pomeroy, John Gasaway (aka the
Big Ten Wonk), and
Ryan Kobliska of Hawkeye Hoops.
Most of what I try to get at with statistics is what the Wonk calls "tempo-free stats". If you have one team averaging 90 points a game and another averaging 75, you can't simply say that the first is a better team. They may well be, but it's just as likely that they are a
faster team; in other words,
points per game is dependent upon possessions.
A more accurate comparison would involve comparing points per possession: Team A scores 1.0 point per possession, while Team B scores 1.25 PPP, but plays a much slower-paced game. (These numbers are also known as offensive efficiency or rating and are often multiplied by 100 to get a nice round number.) In the same vein, defense can be measured by points allowed per possession (defensive rating or efficiency). The difference between these numbers is called
efficiency margin (props to Ryan Kobliska.)
Floor percentage, popularized by Dean Oliver, also measures offensive efficiency. Basically it's baskets and offensive rebounds as a ratio of attempted baskets plus turnovers. In other words, when there is a chance to turn the ball over (TOs and FGA), how often does your team profit from it? (Of course, the two ways to "profit" are to make a basket, or get another chance with a rebound.)
Effective field goal percentage (eFG%) accounts for 3-point shots by giving them more weight. (Shooting percentages drop the further the shooter is from the basket, but of course threes are worth more. This adjustment evens this out a little: So Vickie Krapohl gets credit on her shooting percentage for all the difficult threes she took.)
Another example of tempo-free stats involves rebounding: Rebounds are dependent on missed shots, so if Team A misses a lot of baskets there will be more defensive rebounds available for them to retrieve (and of course, more offensive rebounds for Team B). So I calculate an
offensive and a
defensive rebounding percentage as well as percentage of total rebounds. Anything over 40% OR or 67% DR is good (because it's easier to get defensive rebound...)
Rather than simply number of assists, I use
assisted basket ratio (what percentage of baskets were assisted on), and
assist-turnover ratio as well. Possession based stats are extremely useful for turnovers: TO% is basically turnovers per possession. In the women's game 20% is a benchmark (higher than for the men).
When I can I also track second-chance point percentage (basically what percentage of missed shots end up being scores) and also points off turnover percentages (as a percentage of opponent's TOs). Sadly, these stats aren't always published in box scores.
Lastly I keep track of free throw productivity: how well a team gets to the line and what they do once there.
Formulas:To calculate possessions:(FGA -OR + TOs + (0.475 x FTAs)) for each team, then averaged together
note: I am now using .475 as the free throw multiplier as per Ken Pomeroy. His numbers are based on men's college numbers, so this number may still need to be revised upward. The NBA multiplier is somewhere between .4 and .44...
Offensive Rating:ORtg = Pts / Poss. x 100
DRtg = Pts allowed /Poss x 100
EM (Efficiency Margin) = Ortg - Drtg
Floor %:(FGM + OR) / (FGA + TOs)
Effective field goal percentage:eFG% = (FGM + (.5 x 3FGM)) / FGA
Rebounding %:OR% = OR / (OR + opp.DR)
DR% = DR / (DR + opp.DR)
TR% = TR / (TR + opp. TR)
Assists:AB% (Assisted Basket Ratio) = Assists/FGM
A-TO rate = Assists/Turnovers
Turnover Rate:TO% - TOs /Possessions
Free throw Production:FTP = FTM / FGA
Individual stats will receive their own post once a few games have been played. (A small voice at the back pipes up, "There's more?")